| Style | His versification is powerful, sweet and varied, naturally and enduringly musical. ... His diction is appropriate to the persons who use it, and to the idea or sentiment it conveys. The dominant feature of his style is impassioned luxuriance. It is the translation of abstract thoughts into visible images, - thoughts that come of themselves, thrown out from the furnace of invention by the seething, whirling energies of passion, crowded and contorted; images that unfold like a series of paintings, involuntarily, in mingled contrasts, copious, jumbled, flaming ... It thinks of no rules, and requires none. It studies not to be just or clear, but attains life. It seizes ideas and figures without a consciousness of its movements, and hurls them with an energy like to the supernatural. Its condensation and confusion abide no criticism, and heed none. As the result of inspiration, they mark the suddenness and the breaks of the inner and divine afflatus. |
| Rank | To excel in pathos, in wit, or in humor; in sublimity, as Milton; in
intensity, as Chaucer; or in remoteness, as Spenser, --- would form a great
poet; but to unite all, as Shakespeare has done, is --
To get the start of the majestic world,Others have equalled or surpassed him in some particular excellence, but no man ever had at once such strength and variety of imagination. He has grasped all the diversities of rank, sex, and age. His imperial muse has swept the poles of existence -- the human and the superhuman. His characters are legion; but -- whether sage or idiot, king or beggar, queen or nurse, hero or clown, plotting villain or sportive fairy -- all are distinct, all speak and act with equal truth, all are inspired by the artist's animation. No other ever saw the world of nature and of mind from so many points of view. If we seek to refer this preeminence to the possession of any peculiar quality, we think it may be found in the superior power of grouping men in natural classes by an insight of general laws. His penetrative genius discerns the common attributes of individuals; his dramatic genius gathers them up into one conception, and embodies that in a type; his poetic genius lifts it into an ideal region, where, under circumstances more propitious, it may find a free and full development ... Vital generalization is thus the secret of Shakespeare's transcendent superiority over all other writers. His personages are of no locality, no sect. They belong to all regions, and to all ages. This is the essential principle of highest literature, -- that it is addressed to man as man, not to men as they are parted into trades and professions. Its audience-chamber is the globe. Its touches of nature make the whole world akin We are not , however, to think of Shakespeare as having achieved his work by the power of his single genius. He was fortunately born. The tide of thoughts and events was at its flood. Contemporary ideas and necessities forced him on. He stood, like every greatest man, where all hands pointed in the direction in which he should go. Generations pioneered his road. Noble conceptions and a noble school of execution awaited him. Filled with the power of that spirit which prevailed widely around him and formed his environment, he carried them to the summit of excellence. |
| Character | Norman by the father, Saxon by the mother, Shakespeare had the English
duality. He combined the oriental soaring of the first with the grip of
exactitude of the second. Imperfectly educated, he has as much culture
as he wanted ... Like Goethe, he set little store by useless learning.
Yet who can reckon all that he knew of man and of history?
A nature affectionate and kind, witty in conversation, brilliantly gay; extreme in joy and pain; so exquisitely sensitive, that, like a perfect harp, it vibrated at the slightest touch; with an imagination so broad, that it grasped all the complexity of human lot, its laughter and its tears; so copious, that he never erased what he had written; so glowing, that it set at defiance the Unities which imprisoned it, and produced in their stead a fantastic pageant, -- a medley of forms, colors, and sentiments; with sympathies so embracing, so urgent that he become transfused into all that he conceived, and gave to a multitude of diverse individualities each a separate soul. Without doubt, in his youth, he was not a pattern of propriety. His Venus and Adonis is little else than a debauch. As a dramatist he is certainly neither a professed religionist, nor a pronounced reformer. He copies at random the high and the low. He holds the mirror up to all that is -- the whole reality. While the lower half of the far-spread glass is therefore blotched, we believe that the upper half is his ultimate and essential self. With advancing years, he evidently dwells more upon the great characters of his tragedies, and gives increased light to moral issues. More and more, as he grows older, he tightens the strands in the colossal harp of his nature and strikes the resonant wires with a firmer plectrum. Deeper and deeper sink the pangs of affection misplaced, the memory of hours misspent. Conscience is ill at ease with the world ... Here are the last notes struck within the hearing of this world: I commend my soul into the hands of God, my Creator, hoping and assuredly believing, through the only merits of Jesus Christ, my Savior, to be made partaker of life everlasting. |
| Influence | Upon universal sympathy, upon historical inquiry, upon linguistic development, he has left a potent and enduring impress. His works and the Bible, both models of Teutonic simplicity, are the great conservators of English speech. He infused into the early drama a spirit of high art; gave it order, symmetry, elevation; informed it with true airy wit and rich but subtle humor; made it an opulent and unfailing fount of entertainment and instruction. He has revealed in fresh, familiar, significant, and precise details, the complete condition of civilization ... Consider the mental activity of which he is the occasion; how far, and for how many, he has enlarged the circle of study and reflection; the fund of maxims, observations, and sentiments, that relate to whatever is interesting, important, or lofty in human life, and whose infinite variety age cannot wither nor custom stale. Art, science, history, politics, physics, philosophy, shall tax him for illustration while the tide of human feelings and passions shall continue its course. Shakespeare is like a great primeval forest, whence timber shall be cut and used as long as winds blow and leaves are green. |
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